International Oral History Association
(Published each 4 months)
Number 8, Autumn 2001
Starting Points
Greetings, IOHA News readers. This is the second issue of the Association’s new on-line electronic newsletter. More than two-thirds of our membership can now access IOHA information and news via the internet, and soon we hope all will be digitally linked. Of course, those unable to access the web may still request a printout of IOHA News or any other information on the IOHA webpage. (See message from our treasurer, Almut Leh, at the end of this issue).
We are beginning to experiment with visual design, formats and layouts. Thanks to the efforts of our president, Marieta de Moraes Ferreira, a web designer in Brazil is working to make IOHA News more visually friendly and attractive. We invite your suggestions and feedback on the newsletter design.
Online access has expanded our readership considerably. Our mailing list for the old, printed version of the newsletter numbered slightly more than one hundred names. By comparison, the IOHA webpage has logged more than one thousand hits! Members continue to send us more and more items for the newsletter. In this issue, we expand our reach to new regions, with reports from Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, Hungary, and the Russian region of Voronezh.
Please continue to send us (preferably via email) your news, announcements, project, archive, and conference reports. We also welcome PHOTOS, POSTERS AND OTHER VISUALS. (For details on length of items and visual specifications see IOHA News Guidelines and Deadlines at the end of this issue).
Included in this issue is also the new call for contributions to Words and Silences, IOHA’s annual journal. Janis Wilton (Australia) and Antonio Montenegro (Brazil) are new co-editors of the English and Spanish versions (see description below). If you aren’t sure where to send your contributions, a useful distinction is that Words and Silences will publish analytical and reflective articles and reviews about oral history theory, practice, and experience, whereas IOHA News will publish news, announcements, and descriptive reports of projects, archives, conferences, and publications.
In this issue, we especially call your attention to the upcoming deadline for the XIIth IOHA Conference in South Africa! Paper, panel, or roundtable proposals are due by July 1, 2001. Don’t miss the deadline! (For details, see Future Conferences, below). Philippe Denis, member of the Conference Organizing Committee and IOHA Council member gives us the following update:
The countdown for the IOHA 2002 conference has begun! In a year's time, delegates from all over the world will gather in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, for the XIIth international conference of the Association, "The Power of Oral History: Memory, Healing and Development."
The conference will be held on the Pietermaritzburg campus of the University of Natal. Pietermaritzburg is the oldest colonial establishment in KwaZulu-Natal. It was established by the Voortrekkers in 1838 after they defeated the Zulus. Ghandi was arrested at the Pietermaritzburg station, after a white passenger objected to the presence of an Indian travelling overnight in the carriage. This incident played a decisive role in the genesis of satyagraha (non-violence).
The political violence of the mid-1980s, began in Edendale, one of the black townships of Pietermaritzburg. Hundreds of people were killed and tens of thousands lost their homes. Peace was restored only after the installation of the first democratic government in 1994. The retrieval of this painful and controversial history, by way of oral history, has just begun.
The conference enjoys the full support of the University. Departments and offices – including public relations, catering, finance, photocopying, security, and audiovisual, are involved in the conference preparations. The university residences, the dining hall and the conference space are all located in the same area. Local hotels are in the immediate vicinity and so is the airport. Conference participants will fly into Johannesburg. There are five flights daily between Johannesburg and Pietermaritzburg. Another travel option is to go by bus via the Van Reenen Pass, through the Drakensberg mountains.
With this, we hope IOHA News online continues to serve you as a timely, accessible, and useful medium for global oral history news, communication, and exchange!
Rina Benmayor and Joanna Bornat, co-editors
(Annual journal in English and Spanish of the International Oral History Association)
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS
The editors of the 2001 issue of the International Oral History Association's journal, Words and Silences, invite contributions in the following categories. Deadline for contributions: 30 June 2001.
CURRENT ISSUES
Reflective articles of 500 to 2000 words on current topical issues, problems, and challenges in collecting, archiving, teaching, presenting and analysing of oral history, with a particular emphasis on strategies and approaches to address these issues. These can be practical, methodological, or intellectual issues. Articles should be analytical, fully referenced, and focus specific discussions under broader headings. Examples of broader headings might include:
-oral history and public history
-the closure of oral history archives
-oral history and the internet
-the new digital equipment
-specific ethical dilemmas
-oral history and indigenous peoples
-sound archive management
NATIONAL REPORTS
500 to 750 word reviews of highlights of oral history in different countries. The editors would appreciate advice about who should be contacted in each country to write the reviews.
ORAL HISTORY JOURNALS
Assessments of the contents of journal issues published in the last twelve months.
Send contributions, preferably as attachments in RTF format to:
Janis Wilton (English contributions): jwilton@metz.une.edu.au
Antonio Montenegro (Spanish contributions): antoniomontenegr@hotmail.com
The New IOHA Council (cont. from last IOHA News)
In the Spring IOHA News (number 7) we published profiles of seven of the twelve 2000-02 IOHA Council members. Here are more:
Anne Ritchie
Since 1990, I have served as the oral historian and senior archivist at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. My work involves interviewing curators, long-time staff, trustees, donors, and the architects, engineers, and builders of the Gallery, as well as keeping the institution’s records.
I was born in Philadelphia, raised in Venezuela, and graduated from Loyola University in New Orleans. At the University of Kentucky, I received Master of Arts degrees in History and Library & Information Science. While coordinating the Appalachian Studies collection at the University of Kentucky Libraries, I began my oral history work with projects on a variety of topics from the Frontier Nursing Service to the folk song performer John Jacob Niles. After moving to the Washington area in 1988, I conducted interviews for a community oral history project in Charles County, Maryland and for the Women in Journalism Oral History Project sponsored by the Washington Press Club Foundation.
I have served as President of both the Oral History Association (OHA) and the Oral History Mid-Atlantic Region Association (OHMAR). I attended my first international oral history meeting in Oxford and am currently serving my second term on the IOHA Council.
Janis Wilton
I have been involved with oral history since the early 1980s and have a passion for its ability to draw together community members, historians, artists, journalists, writers, curators, sociologists and many others who share the pleasure and respect involved in working with other people's memories.
I was elected a member of the IOHA Council in 1998. I served as Chair of the organising committee for the XIth Conference in Istanbul 2000, where I was elected as one of the IOHA Vice Presidents. I am also a member of the National Executive of the Oral History Association of Australia. I am committed to the value and roles of these organisations in bringing together the variety of people and interests represented under the oral history umbrella so that we can share our experiences and ideas and be stimulated to push the boundaries.
I work in the School of Classics, History and Religion at the University of New England (http://une.edu.au) in Armidale, a small regional centre in northern New South Wales, Australia. I teach courses on oral history, and history and museums to undergraduate and postgraduate students and I coordinate our first year Australian history course.
My current project "Golden Threads: The Chinese in Regional New South Wales 1850 to 1950," combines oral history and ethnic community histories, members, and local museums, historical societies across my state. The project records- through objects, stories, sites and people-, the contributions of Chinese-Australians to a variety of localities. To date, the project has produced a traveling exhibition and website (http://amol.org.au/goldenthreads). I am also a government-appointed Trustee of the Historic Houses Trust of NSW (http://www.hht.nsw.gov.au), a state government cultural organisation with the responsibility of managing, conserving and presenting thirteen significant historical properties.
The World of Words
Future Conferences and Meetings
IOHA XII - SOUTH AFRICA - June 2002
Deadline for proposals - July 1, 2001
THE POWER OF ORAL HISTORY: MEMORY, HEALING AND DEVELOPMENT
XII International Oral History Conference, Pietermaritzburg, 24-27 June, 2002, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Conference website: http://www.hs.unp.ac.za/ioha2002
Conferences Sub-themes: Trauma, memory and reconciliation; Preservation and dissemination of oral archives; Oral history and digitisation; Oral history in teaching and learning; Gender in oral history; Ethnicity and identity; Land claims and oral testimonies; Religion and memory; Stories of warfare, famine and migration; Sickness and disability in oral history.
Proposals may be for a conference paper, a workshop session or a thematic panel. Only the papers with a clear focus on oral history will be taken into consideration. Please send a single-page proposal including an outline of your paper and the following details: name, affiliation, postal address, e-mail address, phone and fax numbers. Papers must be written in English or in Spanish. If possible abstracts in the other language should be provided.
At the conference, there will be simultaneous translation (in English, Spanish and, on some occasions, in Zulu and Sesotho) for the plenary sessions. Efforts will be made to provide informal consecutive summary translation during workshop sessions. The Conference Committee will confirm acceptance or rejection of your proposal by September 1, 2001. The final paper of no more than 15 double-spaced pages, must reach the organisers before December 15, 2001, for publication in the Conference Proceedings.
Send proposals to:
IOHA 2002 Organising Committee c/o Professor Philippe Denis,
Oral History Project, School of Theology, University of Natal
PB X 01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
Phone: (27) 33 260 50 64
Fax: (27) 33 260 58 58
E-mail: ohp@nu.ac.za.
Enquiries to:
Africa: Tayba Shariftayba@aucegypt.edu
Latin America: Verena Alberti VERENA@fgv.br
North America: Anne Ritchie A-RITCHIE@nga.gov
Asia: Nükhet Sirman sirman@boun.edu.tr
Australia: Janis Wilton jwilton@metz.une.edu.au
Europe: Mercedes Vilanova vilanova@trivium.gh.ub.es
AUSTRALIA
VOICES OF A TWENTIETH CENTURY NATION
30 August - September 21, 2001, Canberra, Australia
Conference website: www.geocities.com/oha_australia
Conference secretariat website: www.ausconvservices.com.au
Email: oralhistory@ausconvservices.com.au
The conference Voices
of a Twentieth Century Nation explores the themes of Reconciliation;
Pragmatics/Methodologies;
Making
and Remaking Nationhood; and Collaboration: Oral History and its
application to therapy, art, and law. The conference will be held at
the National Library of Australia in central Canberra. There will be opportunities
also to visit the sites of other participating organisations such as the
Australian War Memorial, ScreenSound Australia, the National Archives,
the National Museum and Old Parliament House and AIATSIS. For further details,
see IOHA News number 7 or e-addresses above.
TRADITIONS AND TRANSITIONS: FOLK NARRATIVE IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
13th Congress of the International Society for Folk Narrative Research
16-20 July, 2001, University of Melbourne, Australia
Conference website: www.vicnet.net.au/~folklife
email: folklife@connexus.net.au
A conference exploring past and present narratives and connecting them with race, gender, cultural and social difference, language and linguistics, cultural theory and critical discourse, history, literature, religion, anthropology and ethnography. Themes include: Rediscovered history, the colonised and the colonisers, dislocation and belonging, tales, tellers and textualisation, generation and regeneration - folk narrative by and about children and the fantastic and the mythologised. For registration details see e-addresses above or write: Traditions and Transitions, Victorian Folklife Association, PO Box 1765 Collingwood, VIC 3066, Australia, or fax: +613 9417 4684.
BRAZIL
IVth MEETING, SOUTHEAST BRAZILIAN ORAL HISTORY ASSN
November 7-9, 2001, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro
Email: ciec@cfch.ufrj.br
Participating institutions include theAssociacao Brasileira de Historia Oral/ Diretoria Regional Sudeste; Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/ Fiocruz; Centro de Pesquisa e Documentacao de Historia Contemporanea do Brasil (CPDOC/FGV); Laboratorio de Estudos do Tempo Presente / UFRJ; Centro Intedisciplinar de Estudos Culturais (CIEC/UFRJ); Laboratorio de Historia Oral e Iconografia (LABHOI / UFF); UNI-RIO e Museu da Imagem e do Som (MIS/ Rio). Tania Maria Fernandes, of the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) is the conference Coordinator and Director of the Southeast Brazilian Oral History Association. For more information see e-address above.
BRITAIN
TEXTS OF TESTIMONY: AUTOBIOGRAPHY, LIFE-STORY NARRATIVES AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE
Liverpool John Moores University
Research Centre for Literature and Cultural History
23-25 August 2001
Conference website www.livjm.ac.uk/inside/schools/mcca/research/lch/5280.asp
Speakers include: Nancy K. Miller (City University New York), Alessandro Portelli (University of Rome), Carolyn Steedman (University of Warwick), Paul Thompson (University of Essex), Ken Wiwa (University of Toronto).
Life-story narratives, "texts of testimony", have long played a prominent role in public discourse. Personal testimony, whether in the form of self-writing or of life-narrative elicited and published by interlocutors, has offered a means by which the experience of individuals can be articulated in the public sphere to support or challenge current regimes of political power and cultural authority. Personal testimony calls attention to the needs of marginalised social groups and the definition of emergent social identities.
Such narratives offer a particularly powerful potential for public action by virtue of their appeal to authenticity and their claim to a direct rendering of immediate experience. More recently, life stories have gained a wider cultural presence as a dominant mode of understanding the self in society. This conference brings together scholars from different fields to explore ways in which life-story narratives have been and are being deployed in the public sphere, and interrogate the modes of analysis which have been developed to understand them.
Conference themes include: the history of autobiography and of other genres of life-narrative; class, gender, race and sexualities and traditions of life-narrative; life-narratives to maintain or challenge political and cultural regimes; distinct lineages of oppositional/marginal testimonial texts; the public and private in the creation and meaning of life-narratives; religious traditions of self-questioning to secular modes of autobiography; life-narratives, life-review and the life-course in situations of crisis and conflict; the role of interlocutors in the eliciting, publishing and analysing of life-histories; the impact of markets, audiences and means of publication on whose stories are told; personal testimony and curatorship; life-story and visual representation.
NETHERLANDS
Fourth European Social Science History Conference
The Hague
27 February - 2 March 2002
Conference website: http://www.iisg.nl/esshc
E-mail: esshc@iisg.nl
The ESSHC will gather scholars interested in explaining historical phenomena through social science methods. The conference is characterized by lively, small group exchanges, rather than by formal plenary sessions. Topics include: Africa, Antiquity, Asia, Criminal Justice, Culture, Economics, Education and Childhood, Elites, Ethnicity and Migration, Family and Demography, Geography, Government and Politics, Health, Labour, Latin America, Middle Ages, Nations and Nationalism, Oral History, Political Movements, Quantitative Methods, Religion, Rural, Sexuality, Social Inequality, Technology, Theory, Urban, Women and Gender, World History. For further information and electronic pre-registration forms see e-addresses above or contact conference secretariat at: European Social Science History Conference 2002, c/o International Institute of Social History, Cruquiusweg 31, 1019 AT Amsterdam, Netherlands; telephone: +31.20.66 858 66; Fax: +31.20.66 541 81.
SPAIN
ORAL SOURCES IN THE SECONDARY CLASSROOM: PRESENTATION OF LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Historical Archives
of the City of Barcelona, October 27, 2001
Pilar Gómez.
Email : pgomez1@pie.xtec.es
Dolors Quinquer: quinquer@coac.net
Historia, Antropología
y Fuentes orales: lubeda@mail.bcn.es
The research team of the Institute of Educational Sciences of the Autonomous University of Barcelona will present a day-long seminar on research conducted during the academic year 2000-01. The team will present its research findings and provide a forum for exchange of ideas and experiences among teachers interested in using oral history in the classroom or in joining the research team. The forum will take place on October 27, 2001, in the Historical Archives of the City of Barcelona. For more information on the research team and the project involving different schools in the Barcelona metropolitan area, see the previous edition of IOHA News (number 7).
CALL FOR PAPERS:
SECOND COLLOQUIUM ON ARCHIVES AND ORAL SOURCES: VOICE AND IMAGE
Deadline: January
15, 2002
The Historical Archives of the City of Barcelona and the journal History, Anthropology and Oral Sources will hold a second day-long colloquium on oral sources, diverse documentary sources, and research methodologies. The seminar will include discussion of two key issues: the growing usage of new media and information technologies in research, and the need for standards and guidelines given the growing attraction of new media and the information avalanche. Participants will include audio-visual specialists – filmmakers, documentarians, and art historians. A documentary and historical photographic exhibit will be on display. The organizers invite papers on the use of audio-visual materials in research on the contemporary world. The recommended length is twelve pages, double-spaced, in print and on diskette in PC-compatible format. The deadline for papers is January 15, 2002. Registration rate is 4000 pesetas or $21. dollars. Those interested should contact: Lluis Ubeda: ahcbhafo@trivium.qh.ub.es
USA
BEARING WITNESS: DOCUMENTING MEMORIES OF STRUGGLE AND RESISTANCE, Oral History Association Annual Conference
16-21 October 2001, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Conference website: www.dickinson.edu/oha
OHA-Saint Louis will
be a unique conference focusing on the challenges of collecting and documenting
memories and histories that reflect trauma, genocide, violence, or social/political
disorder. An extraordinary array of panels including oral historians and
practitioners in the treatment of trauma, oppression and genocide, will
focus on philosophical and practical strategies for documenting individual
and collective memories, especially those that are in danger of being ignored,
erased, or forgotten because of silence or denial; documenting stories
of action and reaction, survival and loss, perseverance and endurance,
dislocation and migration, advocacy and justice, perpetrators and victims;
and transforming public discourse and personal experience through the collective
memory of struggle. Papers and panels also address ethical issues and standards
for the collection and dissemination of narratives of trauma, oppression
and genocide; digital environments, and differences between public and
private narratives; the role of visual oral history and documentary in
the 21st century, including still and moving photography; and
new challenges of accessing, collecting, and cataloguing in a digital age.
INTERNATIONAL REMINISCENCE AND LIFE REVIEW CONFERENCE 11-13 October 2001, Chicago, USA
email: jkunz@staff.uwsuper.edu
The University of Wisconsin-Superior will sponsor the fourth biannual Reminiscence and Life Review Conference at the Chicago Athletic Club in Chicago. The conference aims to bring together a wide range of individuals who are using or would like to use reminiscence and life review in their work, and to further define and expand the field in terms of research, theory, practice, education and everyday use. Participants may include physicians, social workers, nurses, psychologists, counselors, social service employees, educators, home care providers, activity professionals, oral historians, life narrative scholars, journalists, performance arts professionals, music and art therapists, clergy, chaplains, administrators, students, volunteers and other interested parties.
Particularly welcome
are papers that: broaden perspectives on reminiscence and life review approaches;
provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of reminiscence
and life review; and illustrate unique and innovative uses of reminiscence
and life review practice, For further details see e-addresses above or
contact John Kunz, Center for Continuing Education/Extension, Old Main,
Room 102, University of Wisconsin-Superior, Belknap and Catlin, Box 2000,
Superior, W! 54880-4500, tel +715 394 8469, fax +715 394 8381.
2001 INTERNATIONAL LIFE WRITING PRIZE
"BIOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY"
Deadline: July 1, 2001
Email: biograph@hawaii.edu
The Center for Biographical Research, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, and Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly invite submissions to its International Life Writing Prize. Award: $1,000 and publication of the essay in Biography. Topic for 2001 is "Biography and Geography—Life and Place" – and is open to various applications, interpretations, and interdisciplinary theorizing. Submissions may focus on: life writing in a specific region or site; ways that geography as the study of the earth's surfaces and divisions is relevant to forms of life writing; landscapes and topographies as metaphorical constructs pertinent to life writing; theoretical, historical, generic, or cultural dimensions of life writing--biography, autobiography, oral history, group history, diaries, or travel writing. Submissions should be double-spaced, 3,000 to10,000 words. Author’s name should not appear anywhere on the manuscript, but name and address should be included in a cover letter. All submissions will be considered for publication in Biography. For more information or to submit an entry see email address above or send to Center for Biographical Research, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'I 96822; tel./fax: (808) 956-3774. Deadline: July 1, 2001.
Face to Face
Conference and Association Reports
BRAZIL
BRAZILIAN ORAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION MEETINGS
The IVth Midwest Meeting of the Brazilian Oral History Association was held in Brasilia from April 4-6, in conjunction with the regional meeting of the Brazilian Historian’s Association. Titled "Another Five Hundred, Another Forty: History, Culture, and Memory," the meeting focused on critical evaluations of Brazil’s 500th anniversary and Brasilia’s (its capital) 40th anniversary.
Coordinated by Nancy Alessio, our fourth Midwest meeting included plenary sessions on memory, history and literature, and the problems of teaching and researching Brazil’s 500 years of history. Roundtables organized around the following topics: Narrators: Living Memories of a Time, Culture and Social Representation, and Celebrations: Dialogues and Confrontations. In addition, the conference included short courses on Memory in Oral Narratives and Literature, Orality and Image, Orality and Indigenous Ethnohistory, and the History of Goias.
Research groups also had opportunities to meet. These included groups working on: Religiosity, Parties and Ethnicity; Education, Orality; History and Memory; Ecology, Culture and Populations; Urban Worlds and Rural Worlds; Cultures, Power and Oral History; Culture and Power, Gender Relations; Images and Narratives; Imaginary and Representations; Land, Orality and Migration; and Archives – Production and Uses of Documents.
Marco Aurelio Santana
MEXICO
REPORT OF THE MEXICAN ORAL HISTORY ASSOCIATION, 2000
The Mexican Oral History Association held its 4th International Seminar, November 9-11, 2000. The city and the University of Guanajuato hosted approximately two hundred conference participants and one hundred papers. International guests included Liliana Barela from the Historical Institute of the City of Buenos Aires, who spoke on neighborhood oral history work in Buenos Aires. Most of the 100 papers addressed the Seminar’s theme, "Interpreting 20th Century History through Oral Testimonies." The diversity of projects and approaches, typical of our Seminars, underscores the importance being given to oral history in academic research in Mexico.
The Oral History Laboratory of the University of Guanajuato played a key role in the Seminar. Its staff took on the responsibility of organizing the Seminar, at the same time that they are carrying out an important new oral history project. Their project focuses on political organization and activism in the central region of Mexico, particularly in the areas of the historic Cristero rebellion of the 1920s and where right-wing religious political movements were the strongest. Guanajuato is also the hometown of Mexico’s new President, Vicente Fox. The Oral History Lab also publishes a journal titled, Guanajuato, Voices of History.
Oral history archives also played a central role in the Seminar. We heard about the new archives and also about efforts to digitize interviews for preservation in established archives. Interestingly, in oral interviews of thirty years ago with Zapatista revolutionaries, words marked in the transcripts as "unintelligible" have become audible for the first time through technological enhancement. Discussions highlighted the urgent need for a Directory of the many and varied archives that exist throughout the country, and for common norms and standards for developing and preserving oral sources in the future.
Finally, we were very pleased to note the large number of people who came to the Seminar, the innovative nature of research underway, and the stimulating discussions that took place. These successes are the result of the Mexican Oral History Assn’s efforts, and especially those of its President during 1999-2000, Ana Maria de la O Castellanos, to organize regional meetings and to multiply the number of local seminars and discussion groups around the country.
Gerardo Necoechea
From Page to Mouth
AUSTRALIA / BRITAIN
"Very Familiar And Awfully Strange…."
The British Australian Postwar Migration Research Project
More than a million British emigrated to Australia in the twenty five years after the Second World War, often supported by a ten-pound assisted passage scheme. About a quarter of these migrants returned to Britain - some continued to travel back and forth. Migration history often ignores the experience of return migrants, focusing instead on accounts of struggle, survival and success in the new land. This project aims to redress that imbalance. Since early 2000, Lani Russell (Research Fellow) and Alistair Thomson (University of Sussex, Centre for Continuing Education) have been collecting life stories from these 'return migrants'. Our project, funded by the British Arts and Humanities Research Board) is a collaboration with Jim Hammerton and a team at La Trobe University in Melbourne that has been conducting interviews with British migrants who remained in Australia.
Lani arrived from Australia in March 2001, and began her primary task of collecting written autobiographical accounts by British return migrants. Within a few weeks - and for the rest of the year - Lani's press releases were reaching every corner of the country and her Queensland accent could be heard on local radio stations throughout Britain as she encouraged former 'ten pound Poms' to make contact. From the start, her phone barely stopped ringing as she fielded 550 enquiries from return migrants and their families and friends.
Next, Lani sent out a 'research pack' to each respondent. The pack comprised an introductory letter, a biographical information form, guidelines for autobiographical writing about the migration experience, a 'consent form' which enabled us to use the material we received, subject to the wishes of the respondent, and a stamped addressed return envelope. Within a few weeks Lani's post box was crowded with brown packages, the first of more than 250 which we received throughout the year.
Within the brown packages was a treasure trove of information. The autobiographical accounts - from a single handwritten page to lengthy typescripts - included rich details of diverse migration experiences. The packages also included home movies, family photographs, personal diaries and collections of letters - as well as official documents and migration memorabilia ñ fascinating artifacts which we were allowed to keep or make copies for our archive.
While Lani was creating and documenting this growing archive, Alistair began to conduct life history interviews with 30 of our respondents. The aims of these interviews were to make tape recordings that placed the migration experience within the broader context of personal and family history, and to create an oral history collection which would complement the written accounts. Over the year the interviews took Al to the south east of England, Wales and the West Country, the Midlands and Manchester, while Lani conducted 5 interviews in Scotland. We both relished the opportunity to travel the country and enjoyed the generous hospitality of our hosts. Extracts from some of the interviews are printed below.
In the last stage of the collection project, Lani has created a database listing of the materials we have received, using sophisticated computer software to 'code' the transcripts of the interviews according to some of the themes which have emerged about the experience of migration and return. We have created a rich research resource to be lodged in the University of Sussex Mass-Observation Archive, an internationally renowned collection of life story writing. Here the materials will available to future researchers in strict accordance with any restrictions or conditions imposed by individual respondents. This Sussex collection will complement an equivalent archive of British migrant testimony at La Trobe University in Melbourne.
Over the next twelve months, Alistair and Jim will be using the life story material collected in the two countries to write a book about the social history of postwar migration from Britain to Australia. A BBC/ABC radio production is also being planned. For further details email Alistair Thomson at a.s.thomson@sussex.ac.uk
The following extracts from some of our interviews offer a flavour of the rich material we have been collecting. Migrants with children who did not have a personal sponsor to provide accommodation often spent their first months and even years in Australia at one of the hostels provided by the Commonwealth government while they saved for their own home. Many of the hostels were old army camps and they were not popular. The disgruntled residents were sometimes labelled 'whinging Poms' by the Australians. But the migrants had cause for complaint. Dorothy Rooms started at a hostel in Yallourn when she arrived from Manchester in 1951 with her husband and three children:
RUSSIA
LETTER FROM VORONEZH
Friday, March 30, 2001 2:50:37 AM
I am Yuri Motchalov, member of an optional experimental scientific club of oral history that was created on the 14th of February 2000 at the Voronezh State Pedagogical University under the guidance of Doctor Natalie Timofeewa (Russia) and Doctor Elke Schertjanoi (Germany). Our activity involves new historical methods for studying the Second World War. Our work is focused on unexplored topics in Russian and foreign historical studies.
The peculiarity of our work is that we use interviews as methods of social empirical research for creating new historical sources. We have the opportunity to address "history from below," "micro-history," to analyze, for example, the problem of Russian soldiers’ perceptions of Germans, and the problem of self-identification of Russian soldiers during the Second World War. We try to observe the soldier's role and his participation in the historical process.
The urgency of our research is not only because of the topic and the use of new methods in studying history through oral history. But also because of the fast disappearance of the sources – veterans, and the natural short-lived quality of human memory. Our task is to get all the necessary information for the analysis and we must do it thoroughly and professionally.
As a result of the interviews, we have received a large and partly contradictory body of material that will be foundation for a forthcoming book. This book will reflect the spectrum of our work and give the analysis of the interviews that we have collected. Our work discovers new possibilities for the study of our topic and for future research.
Eventually, we would like to extend the range of our interviews to include, for example, the Cold War in the region of Voronezh. In this process we depend on collaboration with partners from the USA that are interested in oral history. We understand the importance of contacts with our colleagues who have extensive experience working with oral history. To extend the reach of our research we are seeking funding sponsored by the German Service of Academic Exchanges. We would like to receive a grant to enable all the members of our club to visit Germany. There we will be able to meet with student groups working with oral history from the Free University of Berlin and Humboldt University.
Sincerly yours,
Yuri Motchalov
Member of IONA (Voronezh)
Mail to: buro_vgpu@mail.ru
SAUDI ARABIA
THE ORAL HISTORY CENTER , KING ABDULAZIZ FOUNDATION
KINGDOM OF SAUDIA ARABIA
The King Abdulaziz Foundation (KAF) was established in 1972 as an independent national organization devoted to the history and geography of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The KAF is managed by a board of directors that consists of 8 members, with the Governor of Riyadh as Chairman and the Minister of Higher Education as Deputy Chairman. Under the supervision of board of directors, KAF has a General Secretary who serves as a General Director.
The KAF includes a Library, Documents & Manuscripts Archive, Photographic Archive, departments of Preservation, Research and Publication, and the ALDARAH Magazine. Since its establishment, the KAF began a national project to survey national historical sources in various parts of the country. This included collecting all forms of historical information, written documents or manuscripts regarding the history of the country and its founder King Abdulaziz (1902–1953).
An Oral History Center, the first of its kind in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was founded in 1996 with an independent administration. The OHC was provided with all the technological resources to conduct, record, and document oral history and preserve oral records. The OHC was given a major role in developing the field of Saudi history. This assignment has several objectives:
- To compile name directories of those who have contributed, directly or indirectly, to the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the fields of administration, politics, education, social work, and economics.
- To conduct recorded audio and video interviews of contemporaries and witnesses.
- To benefit from the experience of specialized oral history centers and organizations in Europe and the United States.
- To cooperate and encourage joint research with Saudi, Arabian and international centers and organizations interested in oral history and preservation of heritage.
- To train and qualify Foundation staff and researchers to conduct review, correct and archive interviews, using appropriate recording, transcription and preservation methods.
In the first phase, the teams have recorded more than six hundred interviews with contemporaries and elders; acquired more than 25,000 original documents and photocopies from individual and governmental departments; taken more than 1,000 photographs of historical ruins and sites; provided a knowledge source on Saudi history; made people and institutions aware of the importance of history and oral traditions; and established a strong base for oral history work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The project has faced difficulties, for example, due to the absence of first hand information on people and locations of interest; the lack of awareness about oral history and its importance as a source of history; and a lack of trained staff, especially for conducting interviews and photographing.
Despite these difficulties, the Foundation used this first stage of the project to identify problems, test popular reaction, train staff, and identify potential locations of historical materials. Plans for the coming months include more special training sessions to improve the quality of field work, a special publication series of oral history interviews, collection of national historical primary sources, and conferences on oral history in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Dr. Fahd Al-semmari
SLOVENIA
COLLECTING LIFE STORIES IN SLOVENE ETHNOLOGY
The principal method of field collection in Slovene ethnology is participant observation, including conducting interviews and filling out questionnaires. Therefore, ethnologists collect biographical information from storytellers and ask them questions about their lives. The biographical method in ethnology is not new as a practice, but is as a category. As a category, the biographical method is interested in the course of an individual's life and in his/her attitude toward the world. Personal memories or life stories are the subject of the research, not just a method. This is the only way to research how people view the past, and how they associate their personal experience with the social environment.
Through life stories of Slovenes we have an opportunity to follow local cultures and ways of life. These cultures have their local meanings and vocabularies. In life stories published to date we can establish and compare the differences between local cultures. Comparatively, we can also establish the relationship between local cultures and the broader culture. If we extract from the biographies the characteristics of local cultures, we are able to gain an understanding of life in specific geographic, generational, or other social environments. Therefore, smaller groups, and local or parent organisations which promote activities at the local level feel the need to preserve personal memories.
In Slovenia, except for memoirs, diaries or letters of eminent authors, politicians, etc., biographical material is not yet commonly available in libraries and archives. Most of the material collected to date remains in the possession of private individuals. The archives of the Urban Jarni Slovene Ethnological Institute, in Klagenfurt, Austria, is the exception.
At the beginning of 2001, the Centre for Biographic Research (in Ljubljana, Slovenia) was established as an independent institution. Its aim is to collect, preserve and publish biographical material in which biography is the subject of the research, not just the research method. This means that the biographical material is treated as a primary source, with other literature playing an auxiliary function. Research in the Centre for Biographic Research is guided by the premise that to process biographical material a multidisciplinary approach is required. Biographical material is of major interest not only to ethnologists, but also to folklorists, cultural/social anthropologists, historians, psychologists, linguists, ethnomusicologists, educators, literary historians, communication scientists, and sociologists.
In Slovene ethnology, increased interest in the biographical method developed in the early 1990s, when collections or individual biographies of Slovenes were first published. Individual ethnologists, however, have been interested in biographies as a secondary ethnological source, while others have questioned the limits of interpretation and the issue of authorship in biographies. A deeper interest in the autobiographical method, its rules, laws and goals emerged only in the late 1990s.
The International Ethnological Symposium on the evaluation of life stories, held in Tinje (Carinthia, Austria) in 1997, and organised by the Urban Jarnik Slovene Ethnological Institute (Klagenfurt), represented an important first step towards systematic study of life stories and the (auto)biographical method. The symposium brought together researchers from Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria and Austria, who published their findings in the bilingual proceedings Evaluation of Biographies (Pisa, Klagenfurt, 1997). During the 1999 roundtable on autobiographical method, organised by the History Department of the Scientific Research Centre of the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts, experts in the humanities and social sciences primarily discussed how the autobiographical method can be used in studying migrations and emigration.
In 1999, I wrote a doctoral thesis titled Research of Life Stories in Ethnology - The Carinthian Slovenes. Divided in two parts, this dissertation draws it sources from the Slovene minority in Austria and the book collection That’s How We Lived: Biographies of Carinthian Slovenes (Klagenfurt, 1993. The theoretical discussion draws on an historical overview of oral history, its nature from an academic point of view, the method and the meaning of oral history, and the value, limitations, and the role of ethnology in oral history.
The most important contribution of oral history to ethnology is that it can create intimate portraits of people, places and communities and allow the lives of ordinary people and underrepresented groups in the community (women and ethnic minorities amongst them), to be given their proper place in the overall scheme of things. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to attitudes towards the collection, editing, and ethics of rendering personal experience. This part can be read as a tool for any ethnologist setting out to construct a more authentic and balanced record of the past.
The second part is based on oral sources - biographies of 76 Carinthian Slovenes from the most linguistically endangered southern area of the Austrian part of Carinthia. These interviewees were born before the 1930s, are of rural descent, and have vocational school as the highest educational level. The temporal frame of biographies is the period between the two World Wars and the plebiscite, marking the slow collapse of old patriarchal values and the rapid Germanization of the Slovene community. The geographical frame consists of Roû, Podjuna, and Zilja, parts of bilingual Carinthia. And the social frame is represented by narrators of different professions, educational levels, and life circumstances - from maidservants, tenants, cottagers, and farmers to doctors, engineers and mayors. Biographical material is arranged in chapters, which illustrate everyday life, such as: work, the household and domestic routine, family activities, marriage, children, relationship with parents, discipline, school, religion, leisure time, and death.
Carinthian biographies offer plenty of local experiences to illuminate national and even international events. The political, historical and economical development in Carinthia is interlaced with interpreted parts of biographies. Historical memory which, among other things also marks the Slovene national identity, is determined by the place of residence, work, profession and consumption, descriptions of the family, work, sickness, and the whole life course from childhood through teenage years to the present.
Mojca Ram_Ak
BRITAIN
Thus the first aim of the East Midlands Oral History Archive (EMOHA) is the collection, technical enhancement and cataloguing of this existing material, and its dissemination in the form of a website, edited CD-ROMS and cassettes - both for educational purposes and general interest. In addition to the Record Office itself, some of the recordings will also be available in libraries and museums; and a series of talks, events and other activities will be held to encourage wider use of the archive.
Once this phase of the project is under way, the EMOHA aims to generate new oral history recordings through a targeted programme of interviewing, and by providing advice, training and support for community groups, museums and heritage organisations, students and other individuals who are interested in developing their own projects. In the longer term, we hope that the Archive will also play a significant role in the academic programme of the University, contributing to a range of courses from its Certificates through to post-graduate study, and benefiting in turn from the deposit of additional material created in this way.
As the name suggests, the project is intended to have a dimension beyond Leicestershire and Rutland itself. We plan to achieve this in part by setting high standards in the collection and use of oral history materials, and thus acting as an exemplar for further collaborative oral history projects in the East Midlands in the future. The project will also link into regional strategies for cultural development and regeneration, raising awareness of the region’s history and heritage, as well as the competing interests which affect economic development.
We are now in the process of recruiting the other members of the project team, who will provide the full range of skills and experience needed to achieve its objectives. The project team consists of a clerical officer; a cataloguer and a computing/technical officer who will work closely together on the production of the catalogue, website and CD-ROMs; two half-time researchers/outreach officers who will play a crucial role in retrieving old material and generating new recordings; and a half-time education officer who will be the project’s main link with schools, colleges and community organisations.
The initial development work on the project began in 1997. The bid was submitted in May 1999, and its successful outcome notified to the partners in June 2000 – but if the process of setting up the EMOHA has been a lengthy one, we believe that it will be well worth the wait. It is a very exciting project with enormous potential for community involvement, and we look forward to keeping you informed of our future progress.
Cynthia Brown, Project Manager
East Midlands Oral History Archive
HUNGARY
THE ORAL HISTORY ARCHIVE (BUDAPEST)
Collection website: http://www.rev.hu
The Oral History Archive (Budapest) has been collecting life interviews for twenty years. The two founders of the archive, Andras B. Hegedus and Gyula Kozak, wanted to uncover the silenced history of Hungary in the 20th century by means of recording personal experiences and recollections. In the Kadar era, 1957-1989, scholars could not study written archival evidence as it was in inaccessible archives. Oral history proved to be the only way to uncover the past.
The project entitled "In the Second Line of History" attempted to reveal a different past from the official, falsified history. Today the collection has 1000 interviews and 300 autobiographies. Besides the original goal, the interviews are rich sources for studying social processes of groups, life strategies, cultural changes, modification and survival of social values.
The Archive has, from time to time, undertaken special interviewing projects. These special projects have included Freedom fighters in the Revolution; the economic and Party elite between 1981 and 1985; the intellectual movements of the Revolution; political activity of writers between 1953 and 1963; Hungarian minorities living in Slovakia and Romania; and the Hungarian Diaspora throughout the West. In addition, we have four new projects now underway:
At the end of 1994, we started a new research program titled "Second Generation ‘56ers". Our aim was to examine the lives of the children of those executed or imprisoned after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Through these stories, we hoped to illuminate the workings and changing mentality of the Kadar regime. We have published a book based on 43 interviews, following the life course of children of those executed or imprisoned for political reasons after the Revolution.
The interviews illustrate how those in power punished not only the father, but also his family and children. Children were stigmatized and discriminated. The research uncovered how this special social group, the children of the political prisoners, became socialized into the so-called soft dictatorship of the Kadar era. The temporary or permanent loss of a father caused emotional trauma in the children. They depended on their mother’s ability to deal with the situation, as she was the only one who could help them to keep alive their father’s memory, to foster the spirit of the Revolution, and preserve family values.
The majority of the families remained silent. They considered the past a taboo, and consequently the children were brought up in fear and uncertainty. Children met obstacles in continuing their studies and finding jobs. Those who could, continued their studies in higher education. They had to make greater efforts than an average Hungarian youth and develop special survival techniques. The families of prisoners were helped financially and psychically in the form of silent solidarity or occasional aids. In an atmosphere of general fear, the society did not fight for them. Only a narrow sector of the society felt that spiritual inheritance of the Revolution was more compelling than the personal and social trauma caused by the reprisals.
After the Revolution, more than 180,000 people left Hungary. Most of them settled in Western Europe or the United States. Three or four decades later, several thousand returned, often to enjoy the relatively higher standard of living afforded by pensions earned abroad. Upon their arrival in the West, these people found themselves uprooted from friends and family, and had to learn new languages, cultures and life-styles. With their return to Hungary, they faced the same difficulties again. Worse yet, the older age of the returnees (typically between 60 and 65) made this second transition especially difficult. For these people, severe problems such as depression, suicide, and psychosomatic disorders have been all too frequent. The Archive has conducted a series of interviews of this group to record their plight.
From the late fifties to the early sixties there was a subculture in Hungary (mainly in Budapest) considered by the regime to be non-conformist. It consisted mainly of intellectuals and artists. This group was not directly involved with politics, and was generally successful in retaining their autonomy. Some of them left the country, but after 1990 most of them came back. The members of this old sub-culture retain a common regard for freedom and human dignity, and a refusal to bow to the pressures of authority. They have emerged in the new Hungary as successful artists, musicians, scholars and independent intellectuals. Again, we hope to capture these peoples’ stories through interviews.
University students, scholars, and individuals interested in the Kadar era have free access to the Archive. The Archive contains interviews that can be read and cited freely; others can only be studied; some are closed interviews and can be read only with the permission of the interviewee; and another group of interviews may be read openly but can be cited only if the interviewee gives his/her consent.
Adrienne Molnar, 1956-os Intezet Oral History Archívum
H–1074 Budapest, Dohány u. 74.
fax: (361) 3223084
e-mail: rev13199@helka.iif.hu
mol11344@helka.iif.hu
From Mouth to Page
ORAL HISTORY: CHALLENGES TO XXI CENTURY,
Marieta de Moraes Ferreira, Tania Maria Fernandes e Verena Alberti (Editors)
Rio de Janeiro: Editora Fiocruz, Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, CPDOC-Fundacao Getulio Vargas, 2000, 204 p.
This anthology in Portuguese collects the plenary papers of the Xth International Oral History Conference (Rio de Janeiro, 1998). It highlights oral history trends and perspectives as analysed by researchers from different countries. To acquire a copy e-mail: Tania Fernandes: taniaf@fiocruz.br or the Publisher: editora@fiocruz.br
Contents include an Introduction by Marieta de Moraes Ferreira; Verena Alberti and Tania Maria Fernandes; The Meaning of X International Oral History Conference, by Mercedes Vilanova;
Memory and Dialogue: Oral History Challenges to XXI Century Ideology - Alessandro Portelli
Challenges of Transculturalism
-
Selma Leydesdorff
Mirroring Ourselves – Janaina Amado
Assessment and New
Challenges - Eugenia Meyer
Surviving Memory: Truth and Imprecision in Holocaust Accounts- Mark Roseman
The Burden of Speaking about the Nazi Persecution in Germany - Friedhelm Boll
Integration of Historical Knowledge into Life History Narratives - Anne Kaminsky
Competition among
Victims – Alexander Von Plato
Between Text and Photos: Telling the Story of Linda Lord and the Penobscot Poultry Closure – Alicia J. Rouverol.
Comments – Ana Maria Mauad
Back to Contents
HISTORY OF IMMIGRANTS AND IMMIGRATION IN RIO DE JANEIRO
Angela de Castro Gomes (Editor)
Editora 7 Letras, Rio de Janeiro, 2000
This book brings together
several articles on oral history and the analysis of immigration to Rio
de Janeiro. Those interested may e-mail Angela de Castro Gomes: acastro@fgv.br
WORK AND THE TRADE UNION TRADITION IN RIO DE JANEIRO
Jose Ricardo Ramalho & Marco Aurelio Santana (Editors).
Rio de Janeiro: D,P&A/ Faperj, 2001
This book brings together articles from sociology, anthropology and history, utilizing oral history and debating the experience of metalworkers from Rio de Janeiro throughout the 20th Century. Those interested may e-mail Marco Aurélio Santana: abho@bridge.com.br
ORALITY, MEMORY & THE PAST: LISTENING TO THE VOICES OF BLACK CLERGY UNDER COLONIALISM AND APARTHEID.
Philippe Denis (Editor)
Pietermaritzburg: Cluster Publications, 2000. 286 pp.
The eighteen papers collected in this volume were read at an international conference organised on 30 June-1 July 1999 by the Oral History Project of the School of Theology at the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. This conference provided an interdisciplinary forum on issues such as story-telling, orality, memory and the past. It also allowed scholars from South Africa and the neighbouring countries to revisit the history of black clergy in the light of recent research in oral history. Price: $30 + postage. Contact: Cluster Publications, PO Box 2400, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa (cluster@futurenet.co.za).
ORAL HISTORY JOURNAL No. 3 - 2000
Brazilian Oral History Association (ABHO)
Editor: Maria de Lourdes Monaco Janotti
E-mail: mljanott@usp.br
Dossier: Memory and Work
Violence and Silence: Re-writing the Future - Jonathan Grossman
The Encounter with the Storyteller: A Mutual Learning Process - Kirsten Folke Harrits e Ditte Sharnberg
Militancy, Repression and Silence: Recounting an Experience with Working Class Memory – Marco Aurelio Santana
Social Experience and Identities: The Case of Peasant- Migrant Workers in Sugar Cane Plantations – Marilda Menezes
Articles:
The Persistence of Seringal Culture in Amazonia – Fernando Sergio Dumas dos Santos
State Mania: Chaguism and the Making of the State of Guanabara – Marly Silva da Motta
Round-Table
Memory, History
and Subject: A Substratum of Identity - Lucilia De Almeida Neves
Reflections on
Life History, Biographies and Autobiographies - Ligia Maria Leite Pereira
Book reviews
Le Ven, Michel M.
Dazinho: A Christian in the Mines - Andrea Ferreira Delgado
Gattaz, Andre C.
Arms of Resistance: An Oral History of Spanish Immigration -
Joao Fabio Bertonha
Gomes, Angela C. History
of the Family Between Italy and Brazil - Alzira Alves de Abreu
ORAL HISTORY: JOURNAL OF THE ORAL HISTORY SOCIETY
VOL.29 NO.1 (SPRING 2001): PLEASURE AND DANGER IN THE CITY
Published by the Oral History Society , c/o Department of History, University
of Essex, Colchester,
Essex CO4 3SQ.
Editorial
News
Future Meetings
Current British Work
News from Abroad
Conference Reports
Articles
Class and the city: Spatial memories of pleasure and danger in Barcelona 1914-23 - Chris Ealham
Listening to queer maps of the city: Gay men's narratives of pleasure and danger in London's East End - Gavin Brown
Myths of a beleagured city: Aberdeen and the typhoid outbreak of 1964 explored through oral history - Lesley Diack
Growing up and giving up: Smoking in paul thompson's '100 families' - Rosemary Elliot
Education: Using oral history in peer education for sex workers - Wendy Rickard and Tamsin Growney
Public history: When history goes public: recent experiences in the United States - Donald A Ritchie
Prodigal sons, trap
doors and painted women: Some reflections on urban folklore, life stories
and aural history - Charles Hardy
Funding
The Wellcome Trust
and oral history - Liese Perrin
Reviews
Oral history Society
regional network
Put it in Writing
Having the IOHA newsletter on line is an important step forward in our communications. As soon as the newsletter is posted on the web, members receive a personal email informing them that they have immediate access to the newsletter and referring them to the website address. The money that used to be spent on printing and mailing can now be spent for translation. This enables us to provide members with a much more extensive amount of information in the newsletter. The last issue was the longest we have ever had, and it provided us with a lot of news.
At present, only 20% of our membership does not have access to the web or has not provided us with an email address. These members can receive a printout of the newsletter by regular mail. We hope that soon all our members will have Internet access and will provide us with their email addresses. I want to ask alll our members a big favor – if you have not provided us with your email address, please do so immediately. If your email or postal address has changed, please don't forget to inform! Send to: Almut.Leh@fernuni-hagen.de
Almut Leh, IOHA Treasurer
The International Oral History Association (IOHA) was formally constituted in June 1996 at the IXth International Oral History Conference in Goteborg, Sweden. The Association provides a forum for oral historians around the world, in order to foster international communication and cooperation and a better understanding of the nature and value of oral history. Benefits of membership include:
• concessionary rates for the biennial international oral history conferences
• copies of Words and Silences, the annual, bilingual (English and Spanish) Journal of the IOHA (containing oral history articles, an index of oral history journals from around the world, special items and commentaries on oral history issues)
- access to the IOHA home page on the world wide web
- access to IOHA News, the on-line newsletter of the Association
• active participation in the international community of oral historians.
Membership is open to any individual or institution supporting the aims and objectives of the Association. The Association is governed by a Council elected at the General Meeting of the biennial international oral history conference. The President of the Association is Marieta de Moraes Ferreira from Brazil and current Council members come from Australia, Brazil, England, Germany, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Turkey and the United States.
For membership forms, go to Membership on the IOHA website. For enquiries e-mail the Association's treasurer, Almut Leh (almut.leh@fernuni-hagen.de).
Fees for two-year membership (July 2000 - June 2002)
Individuals: 90DM / 46 *
Institutions: 180DM / 92 *
Students: 45DM / 23 *
IOHA News Guidelines and Deadlines:
Copy is preferred as Microsoft Word attachment.
Send via e-mail to both co-editors:
Rina Benmayor: Rina_Benmayor@csumb.edu
Maximum Length:
- Future conferences, meetings, and other announcements – 250 words
- Conference reports – 500 words
- Archive News – 500 words
- New Projects – 1000 words
Autumn issue: copy assembled in March and April ready for Spanish translation by 1 May. On website by end of June.